This species is named "smooth hammerhead" because of the distinctive shape of the head, which is flattened and laterally extended into a hammer shape (called the "cephalofoil"), without an indentation in the middle of the front margin (hence "smooth"). Santos & Coelho (2018) recorded the longest migration ever documented for this species (> 6600 km) across hemispheres. However, it is evident that a lack of species-specific data collection is hampering management for this species. The species feeds on a large variety of teleosts (i.e. bony fish), elasmobranchs, crustaceans and cephalopod species (Smale and Cliff, 1998; Cortés, 1999). The longevity is uncertain but the species has been aged to at least 18 years for males and 21 years for females (Coelho et al., 2011). Sphyrna zygaena is a large-bodied and highly mobile hammerhead shark with active and strong swimming capacities. Please enter your e-mail address and password below. In the western Indian Ocean, the smooth hammerhead occurs off the coasts of South Africa, India, and Sri Lanka. A study by Coelho et al. Learn more, In Memoriam : Bradnee Chambers (1966-2019), Vacancies in the CMS FamilyVacancies in Other OrganizationsInformation about job openings, This site is maintained by the CMS Secretariat © 2020 | DisclaimerCMS Secretariat, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 1, 53113 Bonn, GermanyTel. In the summer, these sharks migrate towards the poles followin… The smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) is a species of hammerhead shark, and part of the family Sphyrnidae. Smooth Hammerhead Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus 1758). To save searches and access a historical view of information you have downloaded you are required to register for an account. The scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) is a species of hammerhead shark, and part of the family Sphyrnidae. The smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) is listed by the IUCN on its Red List of Threatened Species as Vulnerable as its population worldwide may drastically decline unless efforts are put in place to secure its survival.Sphyrna zygaena is a large-bodied and highly mobile hammerhead shark with active and strong swimming capacities. Estimating IUCN Red List population reduction: JARA—a decision‐support tool applied to pelagic sharks. Populations of the Great Hammerhead Shark have decreased by 50% because of fishing. (+49 228) 815 2449. The Greek word sphyrna translates into "hammer" in English, referring to the shape of this shark's head. This species is named "smooth hammerhead" because of the distinctive shape of the head, which is flattened and laterally extended into a hammer shape, without an indentation in the middle of the front margin. ... IUCN … The Smooth Hammerhead occurs across the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans in temperate and tropical waters (Compagno 1984). Tel. 2013).In the western North Atlantic Ocean, the hypothesized range is from Nova Scotia, Canada, to Florida and partly into the Caribbean Sea (Castro 2011, Compagno 1984). The distribution within the Pacific Ocean includes from Vietnam to Japan a… They’re usually about 3 meters long. Fast Facts: IUCN Report on Conservation Status of Open Ocean Sharks & Rays Species Snapshots Hammerhead sharks Sphyrna spp IUCN Red List status: • Scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini: Endangered Globally • Great hammerhead S. mokarran: Endangered Globally • Smooth hammerhead S. zygaena: Vulnerable Globally Fast Facts: Occurs inshore and well offshore (Ref. The largest specimen ever found was 5 meters long. It’s found in most of the… read more. Introduction. Bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo) Bonnethead resting in the sand (Photo: IrinaK/Shutterstock) … Habitat degradation and pollution affect coastal ecosystems that juvenile S. zygaena sharks occupy during early life stages. Like all hammerhead sharks, the scalloped hammerhead is an active predator and gains several advantages from the shape of its head. However, the effects of these changes and their ultimate impact on populations of S. zygaena are currently unknown. 58302).Migrates northward in summer; young often in large aggregations of hundreds of individuals (Ref. This species is found worldwide in temperate waters. It is found in temperate and tropical waters, and according to Clarke et al. It is viviparous, as such it gives birth to live young. The smooth hammerhead is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List with a decreasing population trend, while the scalloped hammerhead is listed as Endangered. Sphyrna zygaena (L.) (Smooth Hammerhead) is a coastal-pelagic and semi-oceanic hammerhead shark that is distributed worldwide throughout temperate and tropical waters (Ebert et al. By contrast, the IUCN, an international body that assesses the conservation status of wildlife, assessed great and scalloped hammerheads as critically endangered and smooth hammerheads as vulnerable (3, 4). Sherley, R. B. et al. Photo by Nik Wilets. They are listed as vulnerable by IUCN and in cites appendix ii. Smooth hammerhead sharks are taken as direct catch or incidental catch in domestic and artisanal fisheries, as well as industrial pelagic fisheries on the high seas. The largest specimen ever found was 5 meters long. A relatively low rating for sharks, and especially for hammerheads. Effective management for this species should therefore focus on avoiding unintended capture. They are found in marine habitat. Originally known as Zygaena lewini, its genus name was later changed to its current name. The Great Hammerhead Shark has been listed as endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), because of fishing for its fins, which are made into shark fin soup, for its skin which is made into leather, and their liver oil for vitamins. Thus, the priority would be to gather more data on the species for improved conservation efforts. The majority of catches are from longline and gillnet fisheries, with sporadic catches reported in purse seine fisheries. The widely spaced eyes, nostrils, and other senses allow the scalloped hammerhead to more successfully locate its prey near, or buried in, the sea floor. Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global … Great Hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) The great hammerhead is the largest species in the family (Photo: WayneWorks Marine/Aggressor Fleet) True to its name, the great hammerhead is the largest of the hammerhead sharks. (+49 228) 815 2401, Fax. We used fin-mounted satellite tags to examine the movements and habitat use of juvenile smooth hammerheads, a demographic segment particularly threatened by exploitation. The smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) is listed by the IUCN on its Red List of Threatened Species as Vulnerable as its population worldwide may drastically decline unless efforts are put in place to secure its survival. Reproduction is iteroparous, viviparous, and dioecious. In Australia, it is found from the Coral Sea (Queensland) south through New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania and Western Australia, as far north as the Monte Bello Islands (Last and Stevens 2009). Individuals can grow to 500 cm. Great and smooth hammerheads have no protection under the EPBC Act and are not listed to date. They’re usually about 3 meters long. According to the IUCN on December 10th, two hammerhead shark species are now critically endangered. However, these assessments were done in 2005 and 2007 respectively, which could mean that these species could have a more dire classification after re-evaluation. (+49 228) 815 2449, Contact, This site is maintained by the CMS Secretariat © 2020, CMS Secretariat, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 1, 53113 Bonn, Germany. This study and previous ones have shown this species crosses international borders and carries out inshore and offshore migrations. oceanic whitetip and scalloped hammerhead sharks are proposed for inclusion in CITES Appendix II. This website was made possible through generous support from: You must log in to access advanced IUCN Red List functionality. Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Sharks. (2006a) estimated that 4–5% of all fins traded were from S. zygaena or S. lewini each year. The maximum reported size of the species … REGIONALLY CRITICALLY ENDANGERED The Smooth Hammerhead is caught globally as target and bycatch in coastal and pelagic commercial and small-scale longline, purse seine, and gillnet fisheries, and is often retained for the fins, and sometimes the meat. It is most common in waters of 16–22°C, but has also been reported in cooler waters of 13–19°C off South Africa (Diemer et al., 2011). Unlike other hammerheads, this species prefers temperate waters and occurs worldwide at medium latitudes. It is estimated that S. zygaena individuals reach sexual maturity at 9 years old (Cortés et al., 2015), and have a gestation period of 10-11 months. 5578), over continental and insular shelves (Ref. Sphyrna mokarran. Sphyrna zygaena is a large-bodied and highly mobile hammerhead shark with active and strong swimming capacities. The smooth hammerhead is a species of hammerhead shark, and part of the family Sphyrnidae. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. There is also evidence of north-south movements, which may be seasonal migrations. Based on similarities in the appearance of their fins, dusky, sandbar, and great and smooth hammerhead sharks are proposed for inclusion along with the scalloped hammerhead. Facts and Information about the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Wildlife. All the oceanic shark and ray species, except for the Smooth Hammerhead, saw their populations decline over the past half century.. ... (IUCN… Version 2020-3.
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