[73], The northern part of the Japanese archipelago was further fragmented until orogenesis of the northeastern Japanese archipelago began in the Late Miocene. [129] The Kuril Islands were first inhabited by the Ainu people and then controlled by the Japanese Matsumae clan in the Edo Period. Capital and Major Cities. You have searched for Political Geography Masters in Japan. The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan measures Japan's territory annually in order to continuously grasp the state of the national land. This rubble was processed, and when it had the appropriate radiation levels it was used as landfill to build new artificial islands in Tokyo Bay. [34] It began in the 12th century. The subduction plates have pulled the Japanese archipelago eastward, created the Sea of Japan and separated it from the Asian continent by back-arc spreading 15 million years ago.[14]. [9] All of these points are accessible to the public. Subduction zones are sites that usually have a high rate of volcanism and earthquakes. [21], The Japanese archipelago was difficult to reach since before ancient history. [131] This dispute has prevented the signing of a peace treaty between Japan and Russia. [13] Japan is located in the northwestern Ring of Fire on multiple tectonic plates. Appropriately 40 cubic kilometers of magma would be released in one burst and cause enormous damage.[149]. This excludes the disputed Northern Territories (Kuril islands) and Liancourt Rocks. Nearly 1 in 3 Japanese people live in the Greater Tokyo Area. [94], On 3 July 2018, Japan's government pledged to increase renewable energy sources from 15% to 22–24% including wind and solar by 2030. Japan's varied geographical features divide it into six principal climatic zones. [24] On the Sea of Japan side are plateaus and low mountain districts, with altitudes of 500 to 1,500 meters.[24]. [10] The country has the 6th longest coastline at 29,751 km (18,486 mi) and the 8th largest Exclusive Economic Zone of 4,470,000 km2 (1,730,000 sq mi) in the world. At least 15,000 people died as a result. According to a 2014 study by KOBEC of Kobe University, in a worst-case scenario if there is a VEI-7 eruption of the Aso Caldera and if the volcanic ash is carried by westerly winds, then pyroclastic flows would cover the 7 million population near the Aso Caldera within two hours. Japan has a population of 126 million in 2019. [130] The Soviet Union did not sign the San Francisco Treaty in 1951. It is the 6th most populous country in Asia(excluding Russia), with a population of over 125 million people. Often these men did not own the land themselves, but they held rights to a share of the rice crop. Japan - Japan - Political developments: The LDP continued its dominance of Japanese politics until 1993. The orogenesis of the high mountain ranges in northeastern Japan started in the Late Miocene and lasted in the Pliocene. topographic map. This makes it difficult to distinguish the motion on the MTL from interseismic elastic straining in GPS data.[51]. The Sea of Japan was considered to be a frozen inner lake because of the lack of the warm Tsushima Current. The Kantō Plain, Osaka Plain and Nōbi Plain are the most important economic, political and cultural areas of Japan. It is more than 11 times the land area of the country. Currently no underwater city is constructed yet. The underwater ash would be swept away by ocean currents. [34], Japan has become a world leader in research on causes and prediction of earthquakes. The first steps at political unification of the country occurred in the late 4th and early 5th centuries ce under the Yamato court. It is 9 hours ahead of UTC. It struck offshore about 371 kilometres (231 mi) northeast of Tokyo and 130 kilometres (81 mi) east of the city of Sendai, and created a massive tsunami that devastated Japan's northeastern coastal areas. The city of, The Aso Caldera stretches 25 kilometers north to south and 18 kilometers east to west in, The Kikai Caldera is a massive, mostly submerged caldera up to 19 kilometres (12 mi) in diameter in the Ōsumi Islands of Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. [71] The Japanese archipelago had a taiga biome (open boreal woodlands). The following are the 10 largest lakes of Japan. Japan is generally a rainy country with high humidity. Yet Japanese cultural distinctiveness and the manner in which it developed are instructive in understanding how it is that Japan came to be the first non-Western country to attain great … The political leader of Japan is the Prime Minister, who heads the Cabinet. There are three major plains in central Honshū. Thus it has not naturally filled with sediment. Geography and Climate of Japan . Kawanabe, H.; Nishino, M.; and Maehata, M., editors (2012). The Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments are selected by the government via the Agency for Cultural Affairs in order to protect Japan's cultural heritage. The region accounts for about 2 percent of the world’s GDP, 18 percent of Japan's GDP (roughly equivalent in size to the economy of India, Brazil or South Korea), and … There was still several kilometers of sea to the west of the Ryukyu islands, and most of the Sea of Japan was open sea with a mean depth of 1,752 m (5,748 ft). In total, as of 2020, Japan's territory is 377,976.41 km2 (145,937.51 sq mi), of which 364,546.41 km2 (140,752.16 sq mi) is land and 13,430 km2 (5,190 sq mi) water. At a depth of over 1,000 m (3,300 ft) there are minerals such as manganese nodules, cobalt in the crust and hydrothermal deposits. These giant caldera are remnants of past eruptions. It is 3.6% smaller than the island of Ireland. Japan: Japanese Society. It forms a Minami Kantō gas field in the area spanning Saitama, Tokyo, Kanagawa, Ibaraki, and Chiba prefectures. If in another scenario, the wind blows in a different direction then the Volcanic ash could flow westward or southward and affect e.g. Index of Articles on Japanese Political Geography. Geography >> Asia >> Japan History and Timeline Japan Capital: Tokyo Population: 126,860,301 The Geography of Japan Borders: Japan is an island nation in East Asia surrounded by the Pacific Ocean on one side and the Sea of Japan (East Sea) on the other side. It declares that the emperor is the symbol of the state but that sovereignty rests with the people. It is the largest island country in East Asia and 4th largest island country in the world.[10]. Kyushu (九州) is the third largest island of Japan of the five main islands. [34] The village of Ogata in Akita, was established on land reclaimed from Lake Hachirōgata (Japan's second largest lake at the time) starting in 1957. They are deeper than the Eurasian plate. Since there is little level ground, many hills and mountainsides at lower elevations around towns and cities are often cultivated. For example, maps and geography textbooks divide Japan into the eight regions, weather reports usually give the weather by region, and many businesses and institutions use their home region as part of their name (Kinki Nippon Railway, Chūgoku Bank, Tohoku University, etc.). It is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. [117] It encompasses two thirds of the Ryukyu Islands over 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) long. Arable land is intensively cultivated; farmers use irrigation, terracing, and multiple cropping to coax rich crops … Japan has a multitude of islands surrounding it, some of which are known as Hokkaido, and Kyushu. Japan ranks 5th with sea volume of 2,000–3,000 meters, 4th with 3,000–4,000 meters, 3rd with 4,000–5,000 meters and 1st with volume of 5,000 to over 6,000 meters. Japan has a prime minister who is the head of the Cabinet and has the power to dissolve the House of Representatives. [24] Seasonal variations in flow have led to extensive development of flood control measures. As Japan is situated in a volcanic zone along the Pacific deeps, frequent low-intensity earth tremors and occasional volcanic activity are felt throughout the islands. The Japanese fiscal year starts on April 1st through to March 31st of the following year. Japan's sea territory is 4,470,000 km2 (1,730,000 sq mi). There are no successful commercial ventures that mine the deep sea yet. It is used to build man-made islands in harbors and embankments in inland areas. [106], Japan has a population of 126.3 million in 2019. The southern half of Honshu, Shikoku and most of Kyushu are located on the Amurian Plate. [34] From November 8, 2011, Tokyo City began accepting rubble and waste from the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami region. Unzen erupted in 1792 and killed more than 15,000 people. Japan stretches over 2,360 miles, so the people enjoy climatic variety. Port Island, Rokkō Island and Kobe Airport were built in Kobe. The seasonal views change throughout the year. [24] These air flows are full of moisture and deposit substantial amounts of rain when they reach land. [25] This evolved into the capital of Tokyo by 1868. Amounts range from about six hours per day in the Inland Sea coast and sheltered parts of the Pacific Coast and Kantō Plain to four hours per day on the Sea of Japan coast of Hokkaidō. In 2003, the Three Major Night Views of Japan were selected by the New Three Major Night Views of Japan and the 100 Night Views of Japan Club (新日本三大夜景・夜景100選事務局). East of the undersea mountain ranges are three oceanic trenches: the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench (max depth 10,542 m (34,587 ft)), Japan Trench (max depth 10,375 m (34,039 ft)) and Izu-Ogasawara Trench (max depth 9,810 m (32,190 ft)). [24] The majority of land reclamation projects occurred after World War II during the Japanese economic miracle. [11] Japan ranks 4th with its exclusive economic zone ocean water volume from 0 to 2,000 m (6,600 ft) depth. [58][59] The geologic province of Japan is mostly basin and a bit extended crust.[60]. Kyoto and Nara are the ancient capitals and cultural heart of Japan. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY IN POST-WAR JAPAN: PUBLICATION TENDENCIES [49], The MTL moves right-lateral strike-slip, at about 5–10 millimeters per year. The insular geography is a major factor for the isolationist, semi-open and expansionist periods of Japanese history. Mid June to mid July is generally the rainy season in Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, excluding Hokkaidō since the seasonal rain front or baiu zensen (梅雨前線) dissipates in northern Honshu before reaching Hokkaido. [75] The International Hydrographic Organization, the international governing body for the naming bodies of water around the world, in 2012 recognized the term "Sea of Japan" as the only title for the sea.[76]. James E. Goodby, Vladimir I. Ivanov, Nobuo Shimotomai, Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, List of mountains and hills of Japan by height, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "令和元年全国都道府県市区町村別面積調（１０月１日時点）, Reiwa 2nd year National area of each prefecture municipality (as of October 1)", "What is the Volume of Japan's 200-nm Exclusive Economic Zone? There are large quantities of marine life and mineral resources in the ocean and seabed of Japan. [72] The onset of formation of the Japan Arc was in the Early Miocene (23 million years ago). [67] This made some sections of Japan's landmass wider than before. It is located south of Honshu and northeast of Kyushu. The Japanese archipelago is over 3,000 km (1,900 mi) long in a north-to-southwardly direction from the Sea of Okhotsk to the Philippine Sea in the Pacific Ocean. In October 2004, Typhoon Tokage caused heavy rain in Kyushu and central Japan with 98 casualties. Yet, the population of Japan has been slowly decreasing over the y… The climate of the Ogasawara Island chain ranges from a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification, The climate of the Ryukyu Islands ranges from humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification, The Aira Caldera is 17 kilometers long and 23 km wide located in south Kyushu. Miyazaki, S. and Heki, K. (2001) Crustal velocity field of southwest Japan: Subduction and arc-arc collision. [24], The Japanese archipelago has been transformed by humans into a sort of continuous land, in which the four main islands are entirely reachable and passable by rail and road transportation thanks to the construction of huge bridges and tunnels that connect each other and various islands. [32], Extensive coastal shipping, especially around the Seto Inland Sea, compensates for the lack of navigable rivers. [20], The Japanese archipelago is relatively far away from the Asian continent. For the next 700 years, military dictators ruled in Japan and the imperial court still existed, but it was unimportant. [2] In 2005, Japan ranked sixth in the world in tonnage of fish caught. To empower members to confidently understand and navigate a continuously changing and complex global environment. Gumma. [91] Offshore fisheries accounted for an average of 50% of the nation's total fish catches in the late 1980s although they experienced repeated ups and downs during that period.[24]. The Osaka Plain is connected with Kyoto and Nara. Japan is informally divided into eight regions from northeast (Hokkaidō) to southwest (Ryukyu Islands):[19]. [135] More recent major quakes are the 1995 Great Hanshin earthquake and the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake, a 9.1-magnitude[136] quake which hit Japan on March 11, 2011. [110][111] The area is 13,500 km2 (5,200 sq mi)[112] and has a population density of 2,642 square kilometres (1,020 sq mi). Today, they still constitute largely wasted space from an economic utilization perspective. [5] Most of these deep sea resources are unexplored at the seabed. There are small deposits of coal, oil, iron and minerals in the Japanese archipelago. [89] In 2003, the total aquaculture production was predicted at 1,301,437 tonnes. About 73% of Japan is mountainous, with a mountain range running through each of the main islands. This is why currently Japan has very limited proven reserves like crude oil. Even in the early twentieth century, wealthy … The Exclusive Economic Zone of Japan covers 4,470,000 km2 (1,730,000 sq mi) and is the 8th largest in the world. 81% of the population lives on Honshu, 10% on Kyushu, 4.2% on Hokkaido, 3% on Shikoku, 1.1% in Okinawa Prefecture and 0.7% on other Japanese islands such as the Nanpō Islands. [7] It consists of 6,852 islands. [70], During the Pleistocene (2.58 million years BCE) glacial cycles, the Japanese islands may have occasionally been connected to the Eurasian Continent via the Korea Strait and the Korean Peninsula or Sakhalin. [66], The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami caused portions of northeastern Japan to shift by 2.4 metres (7 ft 10 in) closer to North America. Edo. These are the Aira Caldera, Kikai Caldera and Aso Caldera. Shortly after warrior clans known as the samurai were rising to power and around 1200 the Minamoto clan set up a military government, under the rule of Yoritomo. [45] Additionally, subduction zones develop belts of deformation[46] The subduction zones on the east side of the Japanese archipelago cause frequent low intensity earth tremors. In the 2006 environment annual report,[153] the Ministry of Environment reported that current major issues are: global warming and preservation of the ozone layer, conservation of the atmospheric environment, water and soil, waste management and recycling, measures for chemical substances, conservation of the natural environment and the participation in the international cooperation. In 1868 an emperor named Meiji came to power, Japans current government is a constitutional monarchy and t. he government is divided into 3 branches: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branch, defined by Japans post war constitution. These plains had the largest agricultural production and large bays with ports for fishing and trade.
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